Business Life Cycle Essays

Business Life Cycle Essays Business Life Cycle Essay Business Life Cycle Essay The Business life cycle can be split into 4 main stages. These are- Establishment, Growth, Maturity and Post-maturity. Post-maturity can be split into a further 3 â€Å"options†. These are- Establishment is when the business is created. In the phase, it is vital to create a strong foundation and secure income. You must make sure the expenses do not outweigh your income. You find it difficult to getting finance, due to low profit and sale levels from poor customer awareness. This can be very problematic, as there are often high start-up costs for new businesses. During establishment, you must decide what structure to follow (sole trader, partnership ) Employ workers, find a facility to mass produce your product, factoring in production costs vs. Final profit, Work out the market value for your product, too high and you will lose out to your competitors, too low and you will not be able to cover the costs of production and generally functioning as a business. All this and you must work out how to let the public know about your product (advertising) and setting up the appropriate bank accounts, dealing with employee and business taxes and arranging insurance for everything. Growth is when long term plans for the business must be made. Sales increase, you have a solid customer base and you have larger production levels. These pose a problem, as more finance, employees and equipment may be required to meet up with supply-demand. During this time, the decision may be made to change business structure to allow for smoother running, or easier ways of getting money. This increase of just about everything creates a lot of management stress, and occasionally outside parties must be hired to deal with it. Maturity is when the company is established on the market and needs to innovate continuously to stay competitive, and your long-term plans are met. There is more competition, profits and sales level off and if you have saturated your market, the business may be required to alter or create a new, better product to keep up with the market. How the business should be operated must be re-thought to ensure your business survives. This could sometimes mean dramatic changes, such as a complete re-structure of the business, or something small such as the business becoming a more formally organised structure. Post maturity is where a business goes after maturity. There are 3 different ways to go. These are Renewal, Steady state and Decline. The decline ultimately ends in the business closing down. It becomes harder o compete with other products, yours may have become obsolete, and your employees may leave to look for better opportunities. A business in a steady state is in exactly that- a steady state. It is neither expanding nor declining. This is not necessarily a bad thing, but eventually it will lead to either a decline or renewal, as competitors will try to buy you out or take your customer base. To get into renewal, you must tap into new markets and meet new requirements in your customers’ life. This takes enormo us effort from both the owners and employees. This sometimes requires leaving behind old products, creating new ones, or re-designing your brand, coming at it at a different angle. You know you have succeeded when profit levels reach all time highs, and although cash flow may decline as costs for research into new markets begins, in the long term you end up with more capital. Westfarmers. (bussiness example) Westfarmers was founded by farmers and focused on the distribution of services and farming equipment to the rural community of Western Australia. It is currently in a state of post-maturity renewal. In the 1940s the company did things like being wheat and general merchants; country distribution for Commonwealth Oil Refineries Ltd; wool, live stock, skin and produce auctioneers; grain fruit exporters; insurance underwriters; acquiring agents for the wheat pool of W. A. Westfarmers had set-ups in different locations in the Perth central business district. In the 1940s there headquarters was at 563-571 Wellington Street. They also had headquarters at Newman Street in Fremantle. In 1985 Westfarmers restructured itself from a co-operative to a public company and was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. Wesfarmers is now in a constant state of renewal, from buying out stores such as K-mart, Coles, Officeworks, Bunning’s warehouse, Target and Houseworks. If it keeps going on buying out more and more companies they will become extremely profitable, and very hard to contend with. Bibliography- http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wesfarmers wesfarmers. com. au/people_home. aspx fairfaxcounty. gov/dpsm/osb/start_up. htm fairfaxcounty. gov/dpsm/osb/growth. htm Pg 28-31, 35-36, 38-39, â€Å"business studies in action† S. Chapman, N. Devenish, M. Dhall.

Albinism Essays - Skin Pigmentation, Albinism, Free Essays

Albinism Essays - Skin Pigmentation, Albinism, Free Essays Albinism Albinism is a term used to describe people and animals that have little or no pigment in their eyes, skin, or hair. People with this condition have inherited genes that do not produce normal amounts of a pigment called melanin. It is equally common to all races and consists of two major classes. The first, Oculocutaneous albinism includes eyes, skin, and hair. Ocular, the second, involves mainly the eye. The oculocutaneous variety can be divided into 10 different types, the most common being ty-negative and ty-positive. Ty-negative leaves the person with no melanin pigmentation, hampers vision to a much more severe degree then ty-positive, and is caused by a genetic defect in the enzyme called tyrosinase. People with ty-positive will have very slight pigmentation and fewer vision problems. Ocular albinism may give the bearer slightly light hair and skin color, compared with the rest of their family, as well as the more obvious affects to their eye. The pigment loss may allow for involuntary back-and-forth movement of the eyes, crossed eyes, and sensitivity to bright light. Nerves going from the brain to the eye are not routed properly and have more never fibers crossing to the opposite side of the brain than normal. Both types of albinism are passed from parent to child and almost always require that both parents carry an albinism gene. This is referred to as autosomal recessive inheritance and the parents may have normal pigmentation, yet carry the gene and have a baby with albinism. A new test can now identify carriers of the gene for ty-negative and any other types where the tyrosinase enzyme doesnt function. A blood sample is used to determine if the gene is present by reading the DNA. X-linked inheritance differs from autosomal recessive inheritance, because only the mother carries the gene. The albinism gene is passed on the X chromosome from the mother to almost always her son. It can be recognized by ophthalmologist because of subtle eye changes. Albinism is unselective in race. Caucasians and non-Caucasians share this gene defect equally. One in 17,000 people have some type of albinism. In the autosomal recessive inheritance, if both parents carry the gene-yet neither have albinism, there is a one in four chance that the baby from each pregnancy will be born with albinism. Treatment of albinism consists primarily of visual rehabilitation. Surgery can be used to correct crossed eyes, but does not correct problem with the routing of nerves, so does not give binocular vision. Sensitivity to bright light can be combated with tints or sunglasses. Some specific optical aids, such as bifocals and magnifiers, are also very helpful to this condition. The affects of this disease are not reversible, however because it is a part of their genetic makeup and can only be help with some of these types of aids. Albinism is a very misunderstood condition and because of this children can have a tough childhood. They are prone to isolation due to the misunderstandings. People question there parenthood, possibly thinking that it is a mixed marriage and outcast them. They may face criticism and ridicule in the classroom. Other students will not be able to understand why they appear this way and deal with it the best way they know how, laughing, smirking, giggling, etc. Children with albinism may need special emotional support from both their parents and teachers. They should be included in all group activities as well, so they dont stand out.

1.Argue your opinion as to why people resort to terrorism as a means Essay

1.Argue your opinion as to why people resort to terrorism as a means to achieving their goals - Essay Example This paper will seek to establish the factors that drive people to resort to terrorism as a means of attaining their goals. One reason as to why people can at times choose to resort to terrorism as a means of attain their goals is because as the world continues to become increasingly globalized, economic problems and poverty have often been cited as being a contributing factor that serves to promote terrorism. Terrorists are often driven by a lack of upward mobility and a sense of relative depravation within their societies. The modern media and globalization have served to give poor individuals a rather acute awareness of their situation as compared to those who are well off (Thakur, 153). This is noted to often lead to humiliation, victimization and frustration among the rapidly growing cohorts of uneducated and unemployed urbanized Muslim youth who are able to make comparisons across countries. The glaring economic differences between the Western world and themselves can often serve to infuriate individuals in the underdeveloped countries, a factor which can often have the effect of significantly incr easing hostilities and tension. The development of such situations often allows organizations to gain the much needed attention and easy entry into societies that feel that they have been wronged by these perceived social injustices. A second reason as to why people can at times choose to resort to terrorism as a means of attain their goals is because of video games and mass media. In the essay appearing in an issue of Rolling Stone magazine, John Davidson points out that media video games violence can at times have the effect of causing increased violence among children (Qtd. in Ackley 290a). In the article Davidson highlights the results of a case study in which the results of a survey on 875 third-graders showed that